First of all, a huge embrace for Max Hobart who has been so very supportive by promoting and premiering new works for the orchestra. Since 1991, I have written three works for Max and the Civic Symphony Orchestra of Boston. Symphony No. 4 ... War and Peace is my fourth contribution and this work is dedicated to Max.

A year ago, John Finney and the University Chorale of Boston College premiered my "Mass for the Holy Year 2000." It was a millennial commission by the Jesuit Institution for the community of Boston College. For that occasion I had originally planned to write a Mass whose texts would include both the Latin from the Ordinary of the Mass ‐ Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus & Agnus Dei ‐ and poems concerning the atrocities and senseless killing in warfare during the last century. However, as it turned out, the poems I chose ended up reflecting the Latin text, which is all about faith and redemption.

But I still wanted to write an anti‐war symphony. When I approached Max with this idea, he was very excited. Initially he was a little concerned that I might want to use the Tolstoy novel as my inspiration. I assured him that it would not be a four‐hour symphony. In order to convey a political message through a symphonic work, texts set as songs are the most direct way. For this symphony, I have narrowed my focus to poems written by veterans of the First World War ‐ some euphemistically call it "the Great War." The first poem by Rupert Brooke, "The Soldier," has an uneasy, patriotic cheerfulness to its message. The second poem by Wilfred Owen, "Dulce et decorum est," is a more realistic view of warfare. Dying for one's own country is not so cool when the dead and the dying are staring at your face!!! The third and last poem by Ivor Gurney, "To his love," reflects on the aftermath of war: peace, but at what cost!!!

Rupert Brooke (1887 ‐ 1915) died on a naval expedition near the Greek island of Gallipoli. He died of blood poisoning. Wilfred Owen (1893 ‐ 1918) was wounded three times in France in the spring of 1917 and was sent back to England to recuperate. He returned to the Front, and was killed on November 4, 1918, just a few days before the Armistice was signed. Ivor Gurney (1890 ‐ 1937), a composer as well, was acutely sensitive to the horrors of the war and, after being wounded and gassed in 1917, he was sent back home to a mental hospital. He died twenty years later without ever recovering from the traumas of war.

And finally, I want to thank Peggo for singing so beautifully, to Kris Beckwith who keeps my spirit up, to Jennifer Stern who helped me track down publishers and the public domain issue, and to all the wonderful, present‐day "Medici" who contributed to the "Sound Investment Commissioning Project." Orchestral music is alive and well in the 21st century!!!

Credits: All three poems can be found in the Dover Thrift Editions, "World War One British Poets." Poems used in this musical setting are in the public domain.